Pediatric ATI Practice Exam

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What condition is most associated with pediatric patients having low platelets?

Anemia
Leukemia
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia

The correct answer is: Thrombocytopenia

In pediatric patients, low platelet counts are primarily linked to a condition known as thrombocytopenia. This condition is characterized by a significant reduction in the number of platelets, which are essential for normal blood clotting. Thrombocytopenia can arise from various causes, such as bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, infections, or the use of certain medications. Understanding this condition is crucial for recognizing signs of increased bleeding or bruising in children, as low platelet counts can lead to an elevated risk of hemorrhage. In this context, while conditions like leukemia can indeed cause low platelet counts due to impaired bone marrow function, and anemia may occur simultaneously, it is specifically thrombocytopenia that directly denotes low platelet levels. Hemophilia, on the other hand, involves a deficiency in clotting factors rather than a reduction in platelets. Therefore, the direct association of thrombocytopenia with low platelet counts makes it the correct choice in this scenario.